Overview

ERU (Energeticky regulacni urad -- Energy Regulatory Office) is the Czech Republic's independent energy regulatory authority established under Act No. 458/2000 Coll. (the Energy Act, Energeticky zakon). ERU operates as an autonomous administrative authority responsible for regulating the electricity, gas, and heat supply markets within the Czech Republic. The office licenses and supervises all participants in these energy markets, making its registry the authoritative source for energy sector entity verification and the definitive database of licensed energy market operators.

Every entity that generates, transmits, distributes, trades, or supplies electricity or gas in the Czech Republic must hold an ERU license. This licensing requirement extends to renewable energy installations receiving feed-in tariffs or green bonuses under the supported energy sources (POZE) framework. The licensing database is publicly accessible and provides a comprehensive map of the Czech energy market's participant landscape, including information about license types, validity periods, licensed capacities, and regulatory compliance status.

For OSINT purposes, ERU data reveals the complete structure of the Czech energy market. The registry identifies all licensed operators across the generation, transmission, distribution, trading, and supply segments. When combined with ARES corporate data, CUZK property records, and Hlidac statu public contract analytics, ERU data enables comprehensive energy sector intelligence covering ownership structures, regulatory compliance history, renewable energy portfolios, and government procurement relationships.

ERU's data is particularly significant in the context of the European NIS2 Directive implementation, which designates energy sector operators as essential entities requiring enhanced cybersecurity measures. ERU's licensing database effectively serves as the registry of NIS2-covered entities in the Czech energy sector, making it a critical data source for compliance assessment workflows.

Czech Legal Context

Legal Instrument	Relevance
Act No. 458/2000 Coll.	Energy Act -- primary legislation establishing ERU and licensing framework
Act No. 165/2012 Coll.	Supported Energy Sources Act (POZE) -- renewable energy subsidies
Decree No. 8/2016 Coll.	ERU price regulation methodology
EU Directive 2019/944	EU electricity market design (Clean Energy Package)
EU Directive 2022/2555	NIS2 Directive -- energy sector as essential entities
Act No. 181/2014 Coll.	Cybersecurity Act (ZKB) -- Czech NIS2 transposition

Data Sources and Coverage

ERU provides several distinct data categories covering the full spectrum of energy regulatory intelligence.

Data Category	Description	Update Frequency
Licenses	All energy market license holders with details	Continuous (as issued/revoked)
License Types	Generation, transmission, distribution, trade, supply, storage	Complete categorization
Supported Sources (OZE)	Renewable energy installations with subsidy details	Updated with new registrations
Pricing Decisions	Regulated price rulings for electricity, gas, heat	Annual (with interim adjustments)
Penalties	Regulatory penalties and sanctions imposed by ERU	Published upon finality
Market Reports	Annual and quarterly reports on energy market state	Periodic publication
POZE Contributions	Contributions to supported energy sources fund	Annual calculation

License Categories and NIS2 Mapping

License	Description	NIS2 Classification
Generation	Electricity and/or heat production	Essential entity (>50MW)
Transmission	High-voltage grid operation (CEPS a.s.)	Essential entity
Distribution	Regional grid operation (CEZ, E.ON, PRE)	Essential entity
Trade	Wholesale electricity/gas trading	Important entity
Supply	Retail supply to end customers	Important entity
Gas Storage	Underground gas storage facilities	Essential entity
Gas Transit	International gas pipeline operation	Essential entity

Technical Architecture

ERU publishes data through its public website and a searchable license holder database. The primary access points are web-based with structured data available through specific endpoints.

Data Access Points

Access Point	Format	Description
License database (web)	HTML	Searchable license holder database at eru.cz
Pricing decisions	PDF	Published regulatory decisions
Statistical reports	XLS/PDF	Annual and quarterly market data
Supported sources registry	HTML/XLS	OZE installation database
Open data portal	CSV/XLS	Structured datasets for analysis

API Integration

defmodule PrismaticOsint.Adapters.Eru do
  @moduledoc """
  Energy Regulatory Office (ERU) adapter for energy sector
  entity verification, license management, and NIS2 compliance
  assessment in the Czech Republic.
  """

  @behaviour PrismaticOsint.Adapter

  @doc """
  Search license holders by name or ICO.
  """
  def search(query) do
    case fetch_license_database(query) do
      {:ok, results} ->
        {:ok, Enum.map(results, &normalize_license_holder/1)}

      {:error, reason} ->
        {:error, reason}
    end
  end

  @doc """
  Verify a specific license by number.
  """
  def verify_license(license_number) do
    case fetch_license_detail(license_number) do
      {:ok, detail} ->
        {:ok, %{
          license_number: license_number,
          holder: detail.holder_name,
          ico: detail.ico,
          type: detail.license_type,
          valid_from: detail.valid_from,
          valid_to: detail.valid_to,
          status: detail.status,
          nis2_classification: classify_nis2(detail)
        }}

      {:error, reason} ->
        {:error, reason}
    end
  end

  @doc """
  Get all license holders by license type.
  """
  def by_license_type(type) do
    case fetch_license_database(%{type: type}) do
      {:ok, results} ->
        {:ok, %{
          license_type: type,
          holders: results,
          count: length(results),
          nis2_category: nis2_category_for_type(type)
        }}

      {:error, reason} ->
        {:error, reason}
    end
  end

  @doc """
  Search supported (renewable) energy sources.
  """
  def supported_sources(opts \\ []) do
    type = Keyword.get(opts, :type)
    region = Keyword.get(opts, :region)
    fetch_supported_sources(%{type: type, region: region})
  end

  @doc """
  Get pricing decisions for a sector and year.
  """
  def pricing_decisions(opts \\ []) do
    year = Keyword.get(opts, :year, Date.utc_today().year)
    sector = Keyword.get(opts, :sector, :electricity)
    fetch_pricing_decisions(year, sector)
  end

  @doc """
  Check penalty history for an entity.
  """
  def penalty_history(ico) do
    fetch_penalties(ico)
  end

  defp classify_nis2(%{license_type: type, capacity_mw: cap}) do
    case {type, cap} do
      {:generation, mw} when mw >= 50 -> :essential
      {:transmission, _} -> :essential
      {:distribution, _} -> :essential
      {:gas_storage, _} -> :essential
      {:trade, _} -> :important
      {:supply, _} -> :important
      _ -> :not_classified
    end
  end
end

Energy Sector NIS2 Assessment Pipeline

defmodule PrismaticPerimeter.NIS2.EnergySectorAssessment do
  @moduledoc """
  Assesses NIS2 compliance for Czech energy sector entities
  by combining ERU licensing data with security ratings and
  corporate intelligence.
  """

  def assess_energy_entity(ico) do
    with {:ok, licenses} <- Eru.search(ico),
         {:ok, company} <- Ares.get_full_details(ico),
         {:ok, security_rating} <- PrismaticPerimeter.security_rating(company.nazev) do
      nis2_category = classify_nis2_entity(licenses)

      {:ok, %{
        entity: company,
        energy_licenses: licenses,
        nis2_classification: nis2_category,
        security_rating: security_rating,
        compliance_gaps: identify_nis2_gaps(nis2_category, security_rating),
        critical_infrastructure: critical_infrastructure?(licenses),
        assessed_at: DateTime.utc_now()
      }}
    end
  end

  defp classify_nis2_entity(licenses) do
    license_types = Enum.map(licenses, & &1.type)

    cond do
      :transmission in license_types -> :essential
      :distribution in license_types -> :essential
      :generation in license_types -> :essential
      :trade in license_types -> :important
      :supply in license_types -> :important
      true -> :not_covered
    end
  end
end

Use Cases

Critical Infrastructure Identification

ERU's licensing database serves as the definitive source for identifying Czech energy critical infrastructure operators. Security analysts, government agencies, and compliance teams use this data to map the complete landscape of licensed energy operators, categorize them by NIS2 classification, and identify entities requiring enhanced cybersecurity measures under the Czech Cybersecurity Act (ZKB).

Energy Sector Due Diligence

Investors, M&A advisors, and corporate intelligence teams use ERU data for comprehensive energy sector due diligence. License verification confirms that an entity holds valid authorization to operate in its claimed energy market segment. Penalty history reveals regulatory compliance issues. Supported source registry data quantifies renewable energy portfolios and subsidy exposure.

Renewable Energy Market Intelligence

The supported sources (OZE) registry provides detailed intelligence on Czech renewable energy installations, including solar, wind, biomass, and hydroelectric facilities. This data supports market analysis, investment assessment, and policy research by quantifying installed capacity, geographic distribution, and subsidy frameworks across renewable energy technologies.

Regulatory Compliance Monitoring

Organizations with energy sector operations or supply chain dependencies use ERU data for ongoing compliance monitoring. License status changes, new penalty decisions, and pricing regulation updates all represent material compliance events that may affect business operations or risk assessments.

Data Quality and Reliability

Quality Dimension	Assessment	Notes
Authority	Authoritative	Official government regulator; definitive license status
Currency	Near real-time for licenses	Published promptly after administrative decisions
Accuracy	Very High	Direct from ERU administrative databases
Completeness	Complete for licensed entities	All energy market participants must be licensed
Historical Data	Limited	Current status emphasis; historical penalties available
Data Format	Mixed	HTML, PDF, XLS requiring normalization

Platform Integration

ERU provides the energy sector intelligence layer within the Prismatic Platform, critical for NIS2 compliance assessment through Prismatic Perimeter. License data feeds into entity classification workflows that determine NIS2 coverage, and penalty history contributes to regulatory risk scoring.

NABLA Compliance

NABLA Axiom	Compliance	Implementation
Signal Plurality	Compliant	ERU data combined with ARES, CUZK, and Hlidac statu for entity assessment
Contradiction Preservation	Compliant	Discrepancies between ERU and ARES entity data flagged
Absence Informative	Compliant	Missing ERU license for claimed energy operator flagged as anomaly
Time Decay	Compliant	License validity periods tracked; expired licenses flagged
Unknown Valid	Compliant	Entities with unclear NIS2 classification reported as unknown
Source Independence	Compliant	ERU is independent government authority
Provenance Mandatory	Compliant	All results traced to ERU database with retrieval timestamp

Performance Metrics

Metric	Value	Notes
Response Time	1-5 seconds	Web scraping-based access
Rate Limit	No official limit	Fair use expected
Data Freshness	Days	License changes published promptly
Coverage	All CZ energy licensees	Complete coverage of regulated entities
License Types	7 categories	Generation through storage
Availability	~99%	Government website with occasional maintenance

ARES - Entity identification for energy companies
CTU - Telecom regulatory data (complementary Czech regulator)
CUZK - Property records for energy infrastructure locations
CEDR - Energy sector subsidies and grants tracking
Hlidac statu - Public contract analysis for energy sector procurement
UOHS - Competition authority cases in energy markets
EU Sanctions - Sanctions screening for energy sector entities

Connect & Contribute

Created by Tomáš Korcak (korczis) | Open Source under GHL

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ERU

Capabilities

Try ERU

Overview

Czech Legal Context

Data Sources and Coverage

License Categories and NIS2 Mapping

Technical Architecture

Data Access Points

API Integration

Energy Sector NIS2 Assessment Pipeline

Use Cases

Critical Infrastructure Identification

Energy Sector Due Diligence

Renewable Energy Market Intelligence

Regulatory Compliance Monitoring

Data Quality and Reliability

Platform Integration

NABLA Compliance

Performance Metrics

Connect & Contribute

Intelligence Network

Related Content

Agent Ecosystem

Applications

Doctrine

ERU

Capabilities

Try ERU

Overview

Czech Legal Context

Data Sources and Coverage

License Categories and NIS2 Mapping

Technical Architecture

Data Access Points

API Integration

Energy Sector NIS2 Assessment Pipeline

Use Cases

Critical Infrastructure Identification

Energy Sector Due Diligence

Renewable Energy Market Intelligence

Regulatory Compliance Monitoring

Data Quality and Reliability

Platform Integration

NABLA Compliance

Performance Metrics

Related Resources

Connect & Contribute

Intelligence Network

Related Content

Agent Ecosystem

Applications

Doctrine